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[Vollständiges PDF /
Druckversion Seite
1/2/3;
Siehe auch O'Reilly "Linux"-Poster]
Alle weiteren Anwendungen muessen nachinstalliert werden: Netzwerkdienste wie Webserver, DNS, DHCP, Mail; Etwas komfortable Window-Manager sowie komplexe grafische Benutzeroberflaechen; Programmiersprachen jenseits von C/C++ (und mit Glueck Pascal und Fortran);
Da die Hardware der verschiedensten Unix-Systeme sich stark unterschied (Unterschiedliche CPUs, ...) wurde hier frueh auf eine Kompatibilitaet auf Source-Ebene Wert gelegt. Software wurde so programmiert, dass sie nach Moeglichkeit keine speziellen Features einer einzelnen Unix-Variante verwendete sondern moeglichst ueberall zu compilieren war. Selbstverstaendlich mußte zum übertragen und Compilieren der Quellen der Sourcecode bekannt - offengelegt - sein. Waehrend diverse Hersteller dies durch Lizenzbestimmungen eng reglementieren wollten (vgl. "AT&T vs. BSDi" 1993, "SCO vs. IBM" 2003, etc.) wurde auch sehr viel Code unter "freien" Lizenzen geschrieben und veroeffentlicht, die die Weitergabe explizit wuenschten und foerderten. Die Bestrebungen des GNU Projektes, ein Unix-Pendant "GNU is Not Unix" zu schaffen, das sich zwar wie das Original-System verhaelt, jedoch keine der urspruenglich von AT&T lizenzierten Quellen benutzt, und damit ein unabhaengiges, fuer jedermann offenes und zugängliches System anzustreben.
Neben dem GNU Projekt wurden viele weitere Programme und Software-Systeme geschrieben, und sind die Grundlage heutiger freier Unix-Systeme. Beispiele sind das X Window System, der Betriebssystem-Kern "Linux", die Unix-Zusammenstellung der Universitaet von Berkeley, Kalifornien, BSD, die grafischen Benutzeroverflächen KDE und GNOME, der Web-Browser Mozilla, der Apache Web Server, die Datenbanken MySQL und PostgreSQL, Programmiersprachen wie Perl, Python, PHP etc. etc. etc.
Der klassische Ansatz ist, diese Anwendungen manuell zu compilieren und installieren. Wenn die Quellen offengelegt und portabel geschrieben sind ist dies kein groesseres Problem, etwas Verstaendnis der Unix-Entwicklungsumgebung (make, ...) vorausgesetzt.
Da dies Anwender oft ueberfordert bzw. die unterschiedlichen Installationsprozeduren oft etwas muehsam zu durchblicken ist wurden andere Methoden geschaffen, zusaetzliche Anwendungen - sog. 3rd Party Software, die nicht vom Hersteller des Betriebssystems kommt - moeglichst einfach einzubinden.
Ein moeglicher Loesungsansatz ist ein System, das die Quellen zwar nach wie vor selbst compiliert, jedoch den ganzen Konfigurations- und Installationsaufwand durch Befehle wie "make configure", "make", "make install" abstrahiert, ohne genau die jeweils dahinterliegenden Schritte kennen zu muessen. Zu nennen sind hier die NetBSD Packages Collection (pkgsrc) sowie die Paketsysteme der andere BSD-Derivate (FreeBSD/OpenBSD "ports"), aber auch die Paketverwaltungen von Crux Linux oder SRPMs unter RedHat Linux und SuSE Linux.
Alternativ kann zum eigenen compilieren auch auf fertig compilierte Binärprogramme zugegriffen werden - falls diese fuer die jeweilige Unix-Variante (genaue Betriebssystem und Version ist hier oft entscheidend) und Hardware-Platform vorhanden sind. Systeme die sich auf das Vorhanden-sein compilierter Binaerpakete stuetzen sind RPM-basierte Systeme wie RedHat Linux, SuSE Linux und Mandrake, Debian sowie die kommerziellen Unix Varianten Solaris, HP-UX, Irix, etc. Problematisch ist hierbei, dass man den Herstellern weitgehend ausgeliefert ist, wenn man aktuelle Software will - fremde Binaerprogramme laufen entweder gar nicht oder passen nicht mit den restlichen Programmen oder -versionen zusammen, was zu Problemen fuehren kann.
Will man sich nicht rein auf den Beitriebssystem-Hersteller verlassen, so muß man wiederum bereit sein, Software entweder manuell oder mittels eines Systems zu compilieren und in das bestehende System zu integrieren, was ggf. sehr diffizil werden kann.
Aus diesem Grund werden im Unix-Umfeld oft kleine/schlanke Systeme (z.B. BSD, Solaris) mit einer geringen Kernfunktionalitaet, bei denen man dann die gewuenschten Anwendungen selbst installieren und tunen kann (und muß!) Systemen vorgezogen, die vermeintlich fertige Lösungen für alles mögliche bieten, jedoch kein manuelles eingreifen oder tunen mehr zulassen (z.B. SuSE Linux). Letztere Systeme eignen sich daher besser fuer den Einsatz im Enduser-Umfeld, bei dem weniger die Anforderung nach einer flexiblen Software-Verwaltung als nach einem grossen Satz von Programmen im Vordergrund steht.
Je nach Unix-Version muß also der Umfang der Software betrachtet werden der mitgeliefert wird, und wie einfach diese gewartet (aktualisiert, ggf. ohne Unterstuetzung des Herstellers) werden kann:
Siehe "Praxis" der Software-Komponenten oben. Verschiednene Ansätze:
Dateien im System verteilen, alles zentral speichern, oder ein Mittelweg? (/usr/bin, /soft/paket-version, /usr/local)
Wie sag' ich meiner Software dass sie alles in 1 Verzeichnis packt? configure --prefix und mehr.
rfhpc8320% pkginfo
system AMImega MEGA Family SCSI Host Bus Adapter
system CPQcnft Compaq NetFlex Family NIC
system CPQncr Compaq Family SCSI HBA
system CPQsmii Compaq SMART-2/E Family of Array Controller
system MADGFmt Madge Token Ring Family of NIC
system MYLXflp Buslogic FlashPoint Ultra PCI SCSI
system NCRos86r NCR Platform Support, OS Functionality (Root)
system SUNW1251f Russian 1251 fonts
ALE SUNW5ttf Traditional Chinese BIG5 True Type Fonts Package
...
rfhpc8320% pkginfo | grep -i perl
system SUNWpl5u Perl 5.005_03
rfhpc8320% pkginfo SUNWpl5u
system SUNWpl5u Perl 5.005_03
rfhpc8320% pkginfo -x SUNWpl5u
SUNWpl5u Perl 5.005_03
(i386) 11.8.0,REV=2000.01.08.18.17
rfhpc8320% pkginfo -l SUNWpl5u
PKGINST: SUNWpl5u
NAME: Perl 5.005_03
CATEGORY: system
ARCH: i386
VERSION: 11.8.0,REV=2000.01.08.18.17
BASEDIR: /
VENDOR: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
DESC: Perl 5 programming language
PSTAMP: on28-patch-x20000308160812
INSTDATE: Jan 03 2001 23:16
HOTLINE: Please contact your local service provider
STATUS: completely installed
FILES: 532 installed pathnames
2 shared pathnames
3 linked files
63 directories
33 executables
9170 blocks used (approx)
rfhpc8320% pkgchk -v SUNWpl5u |& head
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/perl
/usr/perl5
/usr/perl5/5.00503
/usr/perl5/5.00503/AnyDBM_File.pm
/usr/perl5/5.00503/AutoLoader.pm
...
rfhpc8320% pkgchk -l SUNWpl5u
Pathname: /usr
Type: directory
Expected mode: 0755
Expected owner: root
Expected group: sys
Referenced by the following packages:
SUNWkiu8 SUNWhiu8 SUNWctpls SUNWctlu SUNWcsr
SUNWciu8 SUNW1251f CPQsmii SUNWadmfw SUNWadmj
SUNWlibC SUNWfns SUNWami SUNWlibms SUNWxwdv
SUNWaudio SUNWgss SUNWrsg SUNWgssdh SUNWloc
...
Current status: installed
...
Pathname: /usr/bin/perl
Type: linked file
Source of link: ../perl5/5.00503/bin/perl5.00503
Referenced by the following packages:
SUNWpl5u
Current status: installed
Pathname: /usr/perl5
Type: directory
Expected mode: 0755
Expected owner: root
Expected group: bin
Referenced by the following packages:
SUNWpl5u
Current status: installed
rfhpc8320% cd
rfhpc8320% mkdir sw
rfhpc8320% cd sw
rfhpc8320% wget ftp://ftp.sunfreeware.com/pub/freeware/intel/8/pstree-2.17-sol8-intel-local.gz
rfhpc8320% gunzip pstree-2.17-sol8-intel-local.gz
rfhpc8320% pkgadd -R /tmp/hf -d pstree-2.17-sol8-intel-local
pkgadd: ERROR: You must be "root" for pkgadd to execute properly.
rfhpc8320% su
Password: *****
# tcsh
rfhpc8320# pkgadd -R /tmp/hf -d pstree-2.17-sol8-intel-local
The following packages are available:
1 SMCpstree pstree
(i386) 2.17
Select package(s) you wish to process (or 'all' to process
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]:
Processing package instance <SMCpstree> from </net/rfhs8012/home3/bedienst/feyrer/sw/pstree-2.17-sol8-intel-local>
pstree
(i386) 2.17
## Software contents file initialized
Fred Hucht
The selected base directory </tmp/hf/usr/local> must exist before
installation is attempted.
Do you want this directory created now [y,n,?,q] y
Using </tmp/hf/usr/local> as the package base directory.
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.
Installing pstree as <SMCpstree>
## Installing part 1 of 1.
clgrnam(): fopen(3C) failed for /tmp/hf/etc/group.
clpwnam(): fopen(3C) failed for /tmp/hf/etc/passwd.
/tmp/hf/usr/local/bin/pstree
/tmp/hf/usr/local/doc/pstree/README
[ verifying class <none> ]
Installation of <SMCpstree> was successful.
rfhpc8320# find /tmp/hf/ -type f
/tmp/hf/var/sadm/install/contents
/tmp/hf/var/sadm/install/.lockfile
/tmp/hf/var/sadm/install/.pkg.lock
/tmp/hf/var/sadm/pkg/SMCpstree/pkginfo
/tmp/hf/usr/local/bin/pstree
/tmp/hf/usr/local/doc/pstree/README
rfhpc8320% pkginfo SMCpstree
ERROR: information for "SMCpstree" was not found
rfhpc8320% pkginfo -R /tmp/hf SMCpstree
application SMCpstree pstree
rfhpc8320% /tmp/hf/usr/local/bin/pstree
-+- 00001 root 0:53 /etc/init -
|-+- 00333 root 0:00 /usr/lib/saf/sac -t 300
| \--- 00336 root 0:00 /usr/lib/saf/ttymon
|-+- 00277 root 0:03 /soft/kde-1.1.2/bin/kdm -daemon
| |--- 01476 root 0:01 /soft/kde-1.1.2/bin/kdm -daemon
| \--- 15513 root 2:25 /usr/openwin/bin/X -auth /usr/openwin/lib/X11/xdm/authd
|--- 00134 root 0:45 /usr/sbin/rpcbind
|--- 00070 root 0:00 /usr/lib/sysevent/syseventd
...
|-+- 00323 root 5:50 /soft/openssh-3.5p1/sbin/sshd -f /soft/openssh-3.5p1/etc/
| |-+- 00961 root 0:00 /soft/openssh-3.5p1/sbin/sshd -f /soft/openssh-3.5p1/et
| | \-+- 00963 feyrer 0:00 /soft/openssh-3.5p1/sbin/sshd -f /soft/openssh-3.5p
| | \-+- 00967 feyrer 0:00 -tcsh
| | \-+- 00997 root 0:00 sh
| | \--- 00998 root 0:00 tcsh
...
rfhpc8320# pkgrm -R /tmp/hf SMCpstree
The following package is currently installed:
SMCpstree pstree
(i386) 2.17
Do you want to remove this package? y
## Removing installed package instance <SMCpstree>
## Verifying package dependencies.
## Processing package information.
## Removing pathnames in class <none>
/tmp/hf/usr/local/doc/pstree/README
/tmp/hf/usr/local/doc/pstree
/tmp/hf/usr/local/doc
/tmp/hf/usr/local/bin/pstree
/tmp/hf/usr/local/bin
## Updating system information.
Removal of <SMCpstree> was successful.
rfhpc8175% rpm
RPM version 3.0.6
Copyright (C) 1998 - Red Hat Software
This may be freely redistributed under the terms of the GNU GPL
Usage: rpm {--help}
rpm {--version}
rpm {--initdb} [--dbpath <dir>]
rpm {--install -i} [-v] [--hash -h] [--percent] [--force] [--test]
[--replacepkgs] [--replacefiles] [--root <dir>]
[--excludedocs] [--includedocs] [--noscripts]
[--rcfile <file>] [--ignorearch] [--dbpath <dir>]
[--prefix <dir>] [--ignoreos] [--nodeps] [--allfiles]
[--ftpproxy <host>] [--ftpport <port>] [--justdb]
[--httpproxy <host>] [--httpport <port>]
[--noorder] [--relocate oldpath=newpath]
[--badreloc] [--notriggers] [--excludepath <path>]
[--ignoresize] file1.rpm ... fileN.rpm
rpm {--upgrade -U} [-v] [--hash -h] [--percent] [--force] [--test]
[--oldpackage] [--root <dir>] [--noscripts]
[--excludedocs] [--includedocs] [--rcfile <file>]
[--ignorearch] [--dbpath <dir>] [--prefix <dir>]
[--ftpproxy <host>] [--ftpport <port>]
[--httpproxy <host>] [--httpport <port>]
[--ignoreos] [--nodeps] [--allfiles] [--justdb]
[--noorder] [--relocate oldpath=newpath]
[--badreloc] [--excludepath <path>] [--ignoresize]
file1.rpm ... fileN.rpm
rpm {--query -q} [-afpg] [-i] [-l] [-s] [-d] [-c] [-v] [-R]
[--scripts] [--root <dir>] [--rcfile <file>]
[--whatprovides] [--whatrequires] [--requires]
[--triggeredby] [--ftpport] [--ftpproxy <host>]
[--httpproxy <host>] [--httpport <port>]
[--ftpport <port>] [--provides] [--triggers] [--dump]
[--changelog] [--dbpath <dir>] [targets]
rpm {--verify -V -y} [-afpg] [--root <dir>] [--rcfile <file>]
[--dbpath <dir>] [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts]
[--nomd5] [targets]
rpm {--setperms} [-afpg] [target]
rpm {--setugids} [-afpg] [target]
rpm {--freshen -F} file1.rpm ... fileN.rpm
rpm {--erase -e} [--root <dir>] [--noscripts] [--rcfile <file>]
[--dbpath <dir>] [--nodeps] [--allmatches]
[--justdb] [--notriggers] rpackage1 ... packageN
rpm {-b|t}[plciba] [-v] [--short-circuit] [--clean] [--rcfile <file>]
[--sign] [--nobuild] [--timecheck <s>] ]
[--target=platform1[,platform2...]]
[--rmsource] [--rmspec] specfile
rpm {--rmsource} [--rcfile <file>] [-v] specfile
rpm {--rebuild} [--rcfile <file>] [-v] source1.rpm ... sourceN.rpm
rpm {--recompile} [--rcfile <file>] [-v] source1.rpm ... sourceN.rpm
rpm {--resign} [--rcfile <file>] package1 package2 ... packageN
rpm {--addsign} [--rcfile <file>] package1 package2 ... packageN
rpm {--checksig -K} [--nopgp] [--nogpg] [--nomd5] [--rcfile <file>]
package1 ... packageN
rpm {--rebuilddb} [--rcfile <file>] [--dbpath <dir>]
rpm {--querytags}
rfhpc8175% rpm -q
rpm: no arguments given for query
rfhpc8175% rpm -q -a
terminfo-5.3-28
suse-release-8.2-7
saxident-1.1-576
kdeartwork3-sound-3.1.1-18
XFree86-fonts-75dpi-4.3.0-15
...
rfhpc8175% rpm -q -a | wc -l
990
rfhpc8175% rpm -q terminfo
terminfo-5.3-28
rfhpc8175% rpm -q -i terminfo
Name : terminfo Relocations: (not relocateable)
Version : 5.3 Vendor: SuSE Linux AG, Nuernberg, Germany
Release : 28 Build Date: Thu 13 Mar 2003 11:20:11 PM CET
Install date: Tue 15 Apr 2003 10:26:10 AM CEST Build Host: D20.suse.de
Group : System/Base Source RPM: ncurses-5.3-28.src.rpm
Size : 1358790 License: GPL, Other License(s), see package
Packager : http://www.suse.de/feedback
Summary : A terminal descriptions database
Description :
This is the terminfo reference database, maintained by Eric Raymond.
This database is the official successor to the 4.4BSD termcap file and
contains information about any known terminal. The ncurses library makes
use of this database to use terminals correctly. If you
just use the Linux console, xterm, and VT100, you probably will not need
this database -- a minimal /usr/share/terminfo tree for these terminals is
already included in the ncurses package.
Authors:
--------
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
Distribution: SuSE Linux 8.2 (i586)
rfhpc8175% rpm -ql terminfo
/usr/share/terminfo/1/1178
/usr/share/terminfo/1/1730-lm
/usr/share/terminfo/2/2621
/usr/share/terminfo/2/2621-wl
/usr/share/terminfo/2/2621A
...
rfhpc8175% wget http://download.insecure.org/nmap/dist/nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm rfhpc8175% rpm -q nmap package nmap is not installed rfhpc8175% rpm -q -p nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm nmap-3.28-1 rfhpc8175% rpm -q -i -p nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm Name : nmap Relocations: (not relocateable) Version : 3.28 Vendor: (none) Release : 1 Build Date: Sun 15 Jun 2003 03:58:23 AM CEST Install date: (not installed) Build Host: core.lnxnet.net Group : Applications/System Source RPM: nmap-3.28-1.src.rpm Size : 1180346 License: GPL URL : http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ Summary : Network exploration tool and security scanner Description : Nmap is a utility for network exploration or security auditing. It supports ping scanning (determine which hosts are up), many port scanning techniques (determine what services the hosts are offering), and TCP/IP fingerprinting (remote host operating system identification). Nmap also offers flexible target and port specification, decoy scanning, determination of TCP sequence predictability characteristics, sunRPC scanning, reverse-identd scanning, and more. Distribution: (none) rfhpc8175% rpm -q -l -p nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm /usr/bin/nmap /usr/share/doc/nmap-3.28 /usr/share/doc/nmap-3.28/COPYING /usr/share/doc/nmap-3.28/README ... rfhpc8175% rpm -i nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm failed to open /var/lib/rpm/packages.rpm: Permission denied error: cannot open /var/lib/rpm/packages.rpm rfhpc8175% rpm2cpio nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm | pax ./usr/bin/nmap ./usr/share/doc/nmap-3.28 ./usr/share/doc/nmap-3.28/COPYING ./usr/share/doc/nmap-3.28/README ... rfhpc8175% mkdir sw rfhpc8175% rpm2cpio nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm | ( cd sw ; pax -r ) rfhpc8175% cd sw rfhpc8175% find . -type f ./usr/bin/nmap ... rfhpc8175% ./usr/bin/nmap localhost Starting nmap 3.28 ( www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2003-06-25 15:42 CEST Unable to find nmap-services! Resorting to /etc/services Interesting ports on localhost (127.0.0.1): (The 4097 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed) Port State Service 22/tcp open ssh 111/tcp open sunrpc 631/tcp open ipp 758/tcp open nlogin 6000/tcp open x11 6010/tcp open x11 Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.424 seconds rfhpc8175% cd .. rfhpc8175% rm -fr sw rfhpc8175% su Password: rfhpc8175:/tmp # tcsh rfhpc8175 /tmp# rpm -i nmap-3.28-1.i386.rpm rfhpc8175 /tmp# rpm -q nmap nmap-3.28-1 rfhpc8175 /tmp# rpm -ql nmap | grep bin /usr/bin/nmap
rfhpc8175 /tmp# rpm -e nmap rfhpc8175 /tmp# rpm -q nmap package nmap is not installed rfhpc8175 /tmp# exit exit rfhpc8175:/tmp # exit exit rfhpc8175%
miyu% pkg_info tcsh-6.12.00nb1 Extended C-shell with many useful features rp-pppoe-2.8 Roaring Penguin's PPP over Ethernet client Xft2-2.1nb4 Library for configuring and customizing font access bind-9.2.2 Version 9 of the Berkeley Internet Name Daemon, implementati perl-5.6.1nb6 Practical Extraction and Report Language png-1.2.4 Library for manipulating PNG images ...
miyu% pkg_info tcsh Information for tcsh-6.12.00nb1: Comment: Extended C-shell with many useful features Description: TCSH is an extended C-shell with many useful features like filename completion, history editing, etc. Homepage: http://www.tcsh.org/ miyu% pkg_info -qL tcsh /usr/pkg/bin/tcsh /usr/pkg/man/man1/tcsh.1 /usr/pkg/share/nls/C/tcsh.cat /usr/pkg/share/nls/et_EE.ISO_8859-15/tcsh.cat /usr/pkg/share/nls/fi_FI.ISO_8859-1/tcsh.cat ...
miyu% ftp ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/1.6.1/i386/All/oneko-1.2.tgz
miyu% file oneko-1.2.tgz
oneko-1.2.tgz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, max compression
miyu% tar zvtf oneko-1.2.tgz
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 386 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +CONTENTS
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 56 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +COMMENT
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 275 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +DESC
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 9800 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +MTREE_DIRS
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 468 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +BUILD_VERSION
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 758 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +BUILD_INFO
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 6 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +SIZE_PKG
-rw-r--r-- root/wheel 6 Mar 3 05:47 2003 +SIZE_ALL
-rwxr-xr-x root/wheel 60624 Mar 3 05:47 2003 bin/oneko
-r--r--r-- root/wheel 4701 Mar 3 05:47 2003 man/cat1/oneko.0
miyu% pkg_info ./oneko-1.2.tgz
Information for ./oneko-1.2.tgz:
Comment:
Like xneko except on the desktop and with other animals
Description:
Oneko displays a cat that chases your ``mouse'' cursor around the
desktop. Command line options let you select an optional dog, tora
(cat with stripes), or BSD Daemon.
The word ``neko'' means ``cat'' in Japanese.
Based on xneko by Masayuki Koba, modified by Tatsuya Kato.
miyu% pkg_info -qL ./oneko-1.2.tgz
/usr/X11R6/bin/oneko
/usr/X11R6/man/cat1/oneko.0
miyu% pkg_add oneko-1.2.tgz
pkg_add: can't open pkgdb: Permission denied
miyu% pkg_add -p $HOME/sw oneko-1.2.tgz
pkg_add: can't open pkgdb: Permission denied
miyu% pkg_add -R -p $HOME/sw oneko-1.2.tgz
pkg_add: can't open pkgdb: Permission denied
miyu% env PKG_DBDIR=$HOME/db \
? pkg_add -p $HOME/sw oneko-1.2.tgz
.: user (0, 102, not modified: Operation not permitted)
bin: user (0, 102, not modified: Operation not permitted)
man: user (0, 102, not modified: Operation not permitted)
man/cat1:
user (0, 102, not modified: Operation not permitted)
missing: ./etc (created)
missing: ./etc/rc.d (created)
...
./share: warning: file mode not set
pkg_add: not running as root - trying to record install anyway
miyu% env PKG_DBDIR=$HOME/db pkg_info
oneko-1.2 Like xneko except on the desktop and with other animals
miyu% env PKG_DBDIR=$HOME/db pkg_info -qL oneko
/usr/X11R6/bin/oneko
/usr/X11R6/man/cat1/oneko.0
miyu% ls -l /usr/X11R6/bin/oneko
ls: /usr/X11R6/bin/oneko: No such file or directory
miyu% env PKG_DBDIR=$HOME/db pkg_info -qp oneko
@cwd /usr/X11R6
@cwd .
miyu% ls -l $HOME/sw/bin/oneko
-rwxr-xr-x 1 feyrer wheel 60624 Mar 3 05:47 /home/feyrer/sw/bin/oneko
miyu% env PKG_DBDIR=$HOME/db pkg_delete -f oneko pkg_delete: not running as root - trying to delete anyways miyu% env PKG_DBDIR=$HOME/db pkg_info -e oneko
| Paketsystem | Alle Pakete auflisten | Info über ein Paket | installieren | deinstallieren |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solaris | pkginfo | pkginfo, pkgchk | pkgadd | pkgrm |
| NetBSD | pkg_info | pkg_info | pkg_add | pkg_delete |
| RPM-based Linux (SuSE, RedHat, Mandrake) | rpm -q -a | rpm -q | rpm -i | rpm -e |
| DPKG-based Linux (Debian) | dpkg -l | dpkg -p | dpkg -i | dpkg -r / -P |
| Gentoo Linux | emerge -s | emerge -p | emerge | emerge unmerge |
Siehe Kapitel "Source Pakete" der Open Source Vorlesung.